Financial Returns in Shares - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1025 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Here are the descriptive statistics for the following four shares: Allied Domecq Aviva Barclays BOC Group Allied Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Returns in Shares" essay for you Create order Aviva Barclays BOC Mean 0.034927 0.019586 0.053065 0.041042 Standard error 0.016635 0.018953 0.01532 0.017607 Median 0.022258 0.014174 0.054806 0.034762 Mode #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A Standard Deviation 0.083174 0.094767 0.076599 0.088034 Sample Variance 0.006918 0.008981 0.005867 0.00775 Range 0.323539 0.440406 0.315845 0.367016 Minimum -0.09075 -0.24905 -0.10914 -0.12904 Maximum 0.232789 0.191359 0.206701 0.237978 Sum 0.873169 0.489661 1.326634 1.026045 Count 25 25 25 25 From the above statistics I can draw the following comments. Looking at the mean I can see that returns from Aviva are the lowest. The highest average returns are from Barclays. However, all average returns seem to be at a similar level. Looking at the median supports this observation. The median shows Aviva having the lowest returns and Barclays having the highest. There is no data for the mode, but all this means is that no return is the same as another. Looking at the standard deviation and range I can see that returns from Aviva seem to be the most variable as Aviva has the biggest deviation and the biggest range. Barclays seems to have the least variable returns, as the standard deviation and the range for this share are the lowest of the four. In conclusion, I can say that Barclays has the best returns and Aviva has the lowest returns. Looking at this histogram I can say that it appears to be symmetrically distributed. The average return seems to be in the middle and returns lower at either end. This chart looks to be roughly symmetrical. The only difference to the chart above id the fact that the middle value is low. Also, there is one value well away from the other values. This chart again seems to be symmetrical. However, there are 3 values with the same frequency. This makes the chart more positively skewed than the others. This chart is again pretty much symmetrically distributed. In this chart there are more values than the other charts. This could mean that this share has greater range. Looking at all the charts I can say that the common return is between 0.5 and 0.1. This seems to be the average for all shares. Correlation: Allied Aviva Barclays BOC Allied 1 Aviva 0.234587 1 Barclays 0.222791 0.343281 1 BOC 0.203977 0.038567 0.258946 1 Looking at the above correlation table I can say that all the shares have positive correlation with each other, however, the correlation is low. The highest correlation seems to be with Aviva and BOC. The lowest correlation is between Allied and BOC. There would appear to be very little correlation between these shares. This is probably because of the fact that each company is in a different industry. The following table shows the statistics for the Jarque-Bera test: Allied 22.8406 Aviva 8.227033 Barclays 16.18868 BOC 8.631524 The test statistic I am using is at the 99% confidence level and is 10.6. Thus, the null hypothesis that the distribution is normally distributed will be rejected if the Jarque-Bera statistic is higher than 10.6. From the above table I can see that Aviva and BOC are normally distributed and Barclays and Allied are not. In terms of market efficiency this has great levels of implication. Models of market efficiency such as EMH state that returns are based on a normal distribution. If the Jarque-Bera statistic is stating that returns are not normally distributed then EMH models can not be accurately used to estimate the future returns of such share prices. However, if share prices that are not normally distributed can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy then this could mean that markets are not as efficient as first thought. It could also imply that the models and theories used to estimate market efficiency are not as accurate and reliable as always thought. It could mean that new models and theories have to be thought up. I have looked at the relationship between the FTSE all share and Allied. I decided that Allied is the dependant variable and the FTSE all share is the independent variable. This is because the returns of Allied will be dependant upon the movement of the FTSE all share coupled with the beta of Allied. The beta of a company is a figure that determines how risky it is compared to the market in which it operates. A high beta will mean that the company follows the market closely and a low beta means the company follows the market only very slightly. A positive beat means that the company positively follows the movement of the market and a negative beta means that the company will move in the opposite direction of the market. The beta of a company can be worked out by performing a regression model with the returns of the stock as the dependant variable and the returns of the market as the independent variable. The following market model is generated: Return Allied = 0.013297 + 0.557 return FTSE all share The model states that Allied has a beta of 0.557. This means that it is positively correlated with the FTSE all share. When the FTSE all share goes up Allied will also go up at about 55.7% of the movement of the FTSE all share. However, if the FTSE all share moves down, Allied will also fall, but only at 55.7% of the overall fall of the FTSE all share. To work out the values needed for the following chart I used the returns of FTSE all share and placed them into the market model equation in part 3 to generate the returns for the market model. I then plotted the returns from the FTSE 100 in the same chart and generated the following graph: Looking at the above chart I can see that the returns from the market model closely follow the FTSE 100. In fact a movement of approximately a half by the market model mirrors each movement of the FTSE 100 line. This can be explained by the fact that the market model has a beta of 0.557. This means any movement in the FTSE 100 will mean the market model moving in the same direction, but only at 55.7% of the FTSE 100. The movements of the market model will probably not be exactly 55.7% as this model was generated using the FTSE all share. The movements in the FTSE all share will be slightly different to the FTSE 100, which will distort the effects of the above chart slightly.

A Research Study On School Track And Field Coach - 883 Words

Deborah’s Brandt article, Sponsors of literacy, defines a sponsor of literacy to be â€Å"any agents, local or distant, concrete or abstract, who enable, support, teach, model as well as recruit, regulate, suppress, or withhold literacy- and gain an advantage by it in some way,†(Brandt 407) . Brandt is an English professor at the University of Wisconsin- Madison. My literacy sponsor would have to be my high school track and field coach. On October 2011 my parents sent me here to the states to further my education. Coming from Johannesburg, South Africa, where things were almost completely different. From the food, scenery, to the lifestyle, everything was completely different. I didn’t take any English classes, and we didn’t speak English at home, so I had no idea what people were saying or how to communicate. I was welcomed into the country by my coach (David Castel), who was the one I would be staying with for the duration of my time in high school. He was a good friend of my parents, and they had trusted him to put me through school. A smart, well-educated man, highly respected and regarded. David graduated from Georgetown, and attended grad school in Duke. He valued hard work, respect, and discipline more than anything, he believed that these three were the most important things when getting through life. A lot of the times when I first began school, I would be very irritated and mad that I couldn’t read or understand what people were saying. My coach set up a systemShow MoreRelatedThe On The Track And Field Community1131 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 1 Introduction There is a serious debate in the track and field community as to whether there is more benefit, namely increased distances, to be gained in the throwing events from improvements in technique versus improvements in strength. 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Us History Chapter 4 Notes. Free Essays

Chapter Four. African Slaves Build their Own Community in Coastal Georgia Slavery was originally prohibited in the original 1732 Georgia charter; the ban was lifted two decades later when Georgia became a Royal colony. By 1770, 15,000 slaves made up 80% of the population. We will write a custom essay sample on Us History Chapter 4 Notes. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rice was one of the most valuable commodities of mainland North America, surpassed only by tobacco and wheat. The Atlantic slave trade grew to match rice production. Saltwater† slaves (slaves taken from Africa, rather than â€Å"country born†) were inspected and branded on coastal forts in Africa, shipped overseas (where many died), then sold and marched to plantations Mortality rates were high for slaves, especially infants. Overseers could legally punish slaves and even murder them. Many slaves run and some rebel. Most slaves remained enslaved, but built up families and communities, mixing African traditions with their new homeland. The Beginnings of African Slavery Slavery has long been a part of Mediterranean Europe; Venetian and Genoese traders sold captured Slavics (the word slave derives from them), Muslims, and Africans. Enslaving Christians, but not Africans or Muslims, disturbed many Europeans. Portuguese expansion in West Africa was motivated by access to gold, wrought iron, ivory, tortoiseshells, textiles, and slaves (previously dominated by the Moors, or Spanish Muslims). European slaves left the slave hunting to the African traders. Sugar and Slavery Slaves were imported to work sugar plantations in Hispaniola and Brazil, among other islands. The Dutch expanded the European sugar market, leading France and England to start island sugar colonies as well. West Africans Marriage kinship ties, practicing polygamy, characterized societies on the West African coast. Women enjoyed social and economic independence. Shifting cultivation, cultivating land for several years then moving on while the cleared land lay fallow, helped build up African communities and commerce, creating states and kingdoms. Kingdoms on the coast were the ones who first traded with the Portuguese. Slavery in African society was much freer; slaves were treated as family members rather than possessions, were allowed to marry, and had freeborn children. The African Slave Trade The Demography of the Slave Trade 10-12 million slaves were transported to the Americas during the slave trade. 76% of slaves arrived from 1701-1810, the peak years of the slave trade. Half went to Dutch, French, or British plantations in the Caribbean, a third to Portuguese Brazil, and a tenth to Spanish America. About 5% went to the North American British colonies. With the exception of the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763, a world war between the French and their allies versus the British and their allies), the slave trade continued to become more important to the colonies up to the Revolution. There were twice as many male African slaves as female; most slaves were young, between 15 and 30, and represented nearly every West African ethnic group. Slavers of All Nations All western European nations participated in the slave trade, shipping slaves from coastal outposts and, later, through independent American and European traders. The Shock of Enslavement Many slave traders lived permanently in coastal outposts and married local women, reinforcing commercial ties through family relations. Many slaves resented African involvement in the slave trade. Most Africans were enslaved through warfare. As the demand for slaves increased, slave raids pressed deeper into the continent. Captives would wait in dungeons or pens called â€Å"barracoons†, separated from family and people of the same ethnic group to discourage rebellion, before being branded with the mark of their buyer. The Middle Passage The â€Å"Middle Passage† referred to the middle part of the trade triangle from England to Africa to America back to England. Historians estimate that 1 in 6 slaves died from the unsanitary conditions, extreme crowding, and diseases. Many committed suicide as an act of rebellion on the slave ships. Captains resorted to putting netting over the side of their ships. Arrival in the New World When the slaves arrived, their captors would parade them around to impress buyers. Slaves would be sold at auctions or during a â€Å"scramble†, where prices were pre-set and the buyers would rush the slaves in a corral and take their pick. Political and Economic Effects on Africa The African slave trade eventually weakened Africa as a whole. The slave raiding was depopulating Africa as many died during the raids and the rest were sent off to be sold. The arrival of European goods stifled local manufacturing while agriculture lost labor. The slave trade allowed for the political, economic, and military conquest of Africa. The Development of North American Slave Societies Slavery comes to North America The first slaves arrived in Virginia in 1619. Slaves cost twice as much as indentured servants, but had about the same life span in the disease-ridden Chesapeake. Consequently, most planters employed more indentured servants than slaves. This was termed society with slaves, where slavery was just one form of labor. In this type of society, the status of black Virginians was ambiguous; many owned slaves and land themselves, even with the lack of religious distinction among them. In slave society, slavery is the dominant form of labor. As indentured servants became scarce as less English immigrated, their labor was replaced with slavery. Slavery was strengthened by making slave-status inheritable through their mother’s status (letting white male owners take slave mistresses), ending Christian baptism from changing conditions of servitude, and by making the killing of a slave a non-felony. The Tobacco Colonies The growth of tobacco required the growth of the slave trade. The natural growth of the slaver population served to increase the profits of their owners, and so was encouraged. The Lower South Settlement in the south was a slave society from the outset, using native slaves. However, this soon shifted to African slaves as the South began producing more rice. Slavery in the Spanish Colonies Spanish settlements employed slaves, the most benign form being the kind in Florida, which resembled the system in use in Mediterranean and African society. Spain declared Florida a haven for fugitives to weaken southern English colonies. In New Mexico, however, Spain used native slaves, though in a more restrained way to prevent another Pueblo Uprising. Spain captured â€Å"infidel Indians† such as the Apaches or nomads from the Great Plains and enslaved them, using them as house servants or fieldworkers. French Louisiana Slaves were heavily used in Louisiana agriculture until the Natchez Rebellion, with slaves making up no more than a third of the population. Only when the 18th century ended did slavery make a return, in force. Slavery in the North Slavery was universally accepted in the colonies. Among the rich, ownership of slaves was almost universal as well. The Quakers were the first to oppose slavery, but they would not gain traction until the Revolution. African to African American The Daily Life of Slaves Slaves were provided with scant clothing. In the South, where large numbers of slaves were needed, the concentration of slaves allowed for the emergence of communities, despite the harsh working conditions imposed on them on the large plantations. Families and Communities Families were the most important unit in African American culture, but the slave codes did not allow for legal slave marriage. Families were often broken up by sale. Naming practices reinforced family ties to overcome forced separations. Emotional, and especially kinship ties, formed the basis of African American society. African American Culture Most slaves were not Christian until the Great Awakening, due to the reluctance of their masters. One significant practice occurred in their burial rituals. African Americans created dialects by mixing English with native African languases. The Africanization of the South Southerners were influenced by African American culture, changing their diet, their art, language, music, and dance. Violence and Resistance Slavery rested on the threat of violence, even among â€Å"humane† slave owners like George Washington. Many slaves resisted through refusing to cooperate, destroying property, and by running away. Runaways would create communities called â€Å"maroons†, from the Spanish â€Å"cimmaron† (wild, untamed). They would intermingle with the Florida Creeks, creating the Seminole tribe, derived from the corruption of cimmaron. Revolts occurred in the colonies, but not on the scale of Jamaica, Guiana, or Brazil; the family and community ties slaves established made them less likely to revolt. Slavery and Empire Slavery the Mainspring The slave colonies accounted for 95% of all American exports to Great Britain from 1714-1773. Slavery helped the British economy in three ways. Slavery created capital, which funded economic expansion. Second, it created the raw materials necessary for the Industrial Revolution. Third, it created large colonial markets for British-made goods. The Politics of Mainspring Mercantilism, an economic system where the government intervenes to increase the national wealth, was the dominant economic theory in Europe. Mercantilists viewed commerce as a zero-sum game with clear winners and losers vying for a fixed amount of trade and wealth. Wars for Empire European wars spilled over into conflicts for colonial supremacy. In Queen Anne’s War, Great Britain won the war against France and Spain, gaining exclusive rights to supply slaves to its American colonies. British Colonial Regulation Mercantilists used state-run monopolies to manage commerce. The British used colonial regulations to make their American colonies markets for British manufacturing goods and exporters of commodities that the British would resell at profit. Most did not complain about the British economic policies until the 1760s. The Colonial Economy Mercantilism served to enrich the white colonists by giving them a protected market to sell and market their goods (sometimes by violating their own regulations). Slavery provided the capital to expand Northern port cities. Slavery and Freedom The Social Structure of the Slave Colonies Slavery provided the conditions necessary t o improve the life of the white settlers. Colonies were ruled by the self-perpetuating planter elite, which owned 60% of the wealth and half the land. The Southern landowners supported them. Under them were the landless colonists. White Skin Privilege White colonists gained a special status through the exploitation of race. Blacks were subject to a number of harsh penalties that did not apply to whites, including a ban on interracial marriage and sexual relations (refer to Thomas Jefferson). Even freedmen did not share equal rights. This set up barriers among the working class, including slaves and the landless colonists, who otherwise may have united against the moneyed classes if not for racial prejudice. How to cite Us History Chapter 4 Notes., Papers

Conflict And Negotiation Organizational Foundations - Click On Sample

Question: Describe about the Conflict and Negotiation for Organizational Foundation. Answer: Important changes in the healthcare market, and the implications for Becton Dickinson (BD) and its BDVS division Healthcare market is always in the urge of changing or upgrading its techniques to make the life easy for any kind of analysis like testing, collection of samples, their preservation and transportation. In todays generation varieties of vacutainers for blood collection, liquid sample collection using swabs, needles, syringes etc. including various pharmaceutical products and diabetic products have also been upgraded. The changes are also seen in medical, microbiological, industrial sciences and other non-medical care products (Burns, 2014). Because of this development there are many companies emerging with their own products and few implications are to be faced by Becton Dickinson and its division as it was the leading company in providing all the medical related stuff to any organization, hospital, laboratories etc. the companies started compromising for the money and using the products available for lower price than the BD company. They even compromised with the quality of medical care products. By doing so the BD Company has faced a crash in all its shares around 20% and other companies are profited more than 20% (Brett, 2013). It eventually had to make different products from other companies and promote it through sales by investing huge amounts to regain its place in the market. Importance of the APG contract for BDVS, things that are at stake for BDVS winning or losing the contract APG stands for Affiliated Purchasing Group which is an organization based centrally and many shareholders are included under this group (Booth et al., 2016). This programs main motto is to supply quality products at lowest price and they believe In Unity, there is strength. They offered their services by making agreement with many medical equipment suppliers. So it is eventually necessary for the BDVS division to win the contract and make a fair agreement to make themselves and their products sustainable in the market. There were few negotiations faced by BDVS division from APG for lowering the price of products in purchasing of needles and tubes. Meanwhile APG has acquired agreement with Terumo (Caputo Ayoko, 2016). But BDVS in the meantime started promoting their sales and hence could withstand in the market in those hospitals which were APGs affiliated. Later BDVS sales in terms of venous blood collection tubes have increased by getting contract from the APG. If contract was not retained then to sustain their business in the market was a big question mark (Booth et al., 2016). Importance of each aspect of the negotiations (pricing, brand name, and delivery terms) for each party explicitly and implicitly involved (APG, its member hospitals, BDVS, BDVS distributors, and competing suppliers) Becton Dickinson was a leading company in healthcare products since ancient times as it has retained its brand name by maintaining quality and by providing advance medical products for all the required fields at the cost effective range. The sales team of BD is quite smart in getting the business to the company (Booth et al., 2016). They acted wisely before APG could hold back their business and drop their shares. Because of the brand name and pricing they made their way to individual hospitals and fixed the negotiations for which the APG has to come down and make the contract with the BDVS division. A big deal was made by the BDVS division after management announced a new scheme of blood collecting products in the APG affiliated hospitals (Brett, 2013). As per the analysis things that BDVS should do According to my views, the BDVS has always taken the right path of keeping their business in market. It has chosen the option of promoting their products in the various fields which is the best idea to be considered for. But since it already has its brand name it could easily get its position back in the market (Booth et al., 2016). Because in these days the quality and the advanced technology rated companies are given prior importance. So though if BDVS was not included under the APG group it would have made its market because the competitors are not well organized with their products but it would have taken sometime. But finally it has proved its brand name by making APG to know their business abilities. References Burns, J. S. J. (2014). Conflict and Negotiation.Organizational Leadership: Foundations and Practices for Christians, 171. Brett, J. M. (2013). Culture and Negotiation: Three Models. Booth, A., Crouter, A. C., Clements, M. L., Boone-Holladay, T. (Eds.). (2016).Couples in Conflict: Classic Edition. Routledge. Caputo, A., Ayoko, O. B. (2016). The role of cultural intelligence in negotiation and conflict management: a conceptual model.

Not Since free essay sample

Frigid air stings my lungs as I gasp for breath. The water viciously thrashes and pulls me down to claim my life. My arms and legs won’t move on my command and I feel cold pulsing through my body. All I see is darkness, and it feels so lonely. â€Å"Do you have everything?† my Mom asked as she hugged me goodbye. â€Å"Yes, I do. Love you, bye.† I hugged her back, squeezing even tighter than she did. The smell of her minty hair product also bid me farewell, leaving her scent lingering in my nostrils. My Mom hates camping. That’s why she and my father stayed home the whole week that we were gone. Camping is for the rest of my family, which includes my Grandma, two brothers, Kyle and Kevin, and my cousins, Elizabeth and Pete. We always park our old pop-up camper and pitch our tents by this rather large rock on the Bay of Vermillion Lake. We will write a custom essay sample on Not Since or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rock is about the size of a small garage and protrudes into the vast lake. It has little baby rocks in the water surrounding it, perfect for jumping back and forth on. Our names are still visible, only covered in a light layer of dirt and moss, where we carved them in years ago among others. This rock was the best place for catching crayfish, with the exception of the two parallel docks next to the beach. After a long first day of swimming at the beach, it was time to say goodnight. I always loved swimming because I was good at it. I had mermaid-like features; holding my breath for an insanely long time and swimming fast. I would even beat both of my older brothers in competitions. Both of my parents were pretty lucky to have such a talented daughter. â€Å"Get dried off, and come eat!† my grandma’s voice echoed the entire sandy beach. For dinner, my grandma made her famous mashed potatoes, with pink cranberry fluff for dessert. Afterward, my brothers, cousins and I were told to get cleaned up. We all headed to the shower houses to wash off the day’s fun, and to get ready for bed. I had packed my favorite pink fluffy pajamas with purple dots. They were so thick and warm, not even a cool night could reach me. On the walk back to the camper, we were all quiet; tired from the sun and the warm food in our bellies. â€Å"Race you to the end of the dock and back† my cousin Pete challenged me. I was not going to back down from a race, especially one against a boy. After counting down from three, we were off. We both ran on the parallel docks. Pete took the left one, and I ran on the right dock. While running, I remembered this is where I lost it. It was a mood ring, shaped like a heart, and changed colors like the sky. I even paid extra to have my name stamped on the inside. While crayfish hunting, I laid the ring down next to me, safely in the middle a dock panel. I must have bumped it because I distinctly remember the noise it made when it hit the water. Coming to a halt at the end of the dock, I turned around and saw that Pete was slightly ahead of me. Picking up my speed, I began to catch up with him while suddenly I lost my footing in one of the cracks. The water felt so cold. A sharp jolt paralyzed me. I couldn’t move. The weight of the water in my pajamas was pulling me down. I couldn’t catch my breath. Everything started to go dark. All of a sudden, I started to rise out of the water. My cousin Pete and my brothers were struggling to pull me back up onto the dock. We made our way back to the camper. The cooling night felt like a bitter winter against my wet skin. My tears were almost frozen against my cheeks. My grandma pulled me in close, her hug sending a warm wave through my entire body. She later sent me back to the shower house. I cleaned up and put a fresh pair of pajamas on. A few days later my mom arrived to pick my brothers and me up. I told her about the traumatizing event and cried some more. She comforted me. I haven’t been camping since. Although I havent been camping since then, I learned a very important lesson that fateful day. No one is invincible. I, Sarah, the strongest swimmer in my family, needed to be rescued from drowning. This almost paradoxical event serves to illustrate two major points. First, it shows that even in our strongest and most gifted areas of life, we can all fall down at some point, needing someone to pick us back up. I should not have needed rescuing from the watery lake, but I did. Secondly, There are few illustrations that show the value of family greater than this. I literally was minutes from death and would have died had my family not been there to save me. Even though my family can drive me nuts at times, I love them and am grateful for them. No matter where we go in life, family will always be with us.

Dulce et Decorum est by Owen and The Charge of the Light Brigade by Tennyson Essay Example

Dulce et Decorum est by Owen and The Charge of the Light Brigade by Tennyson Essay Example Dulce et Decorum est by Owen and The Charge of the Light Brigade by Tennyson Essay Dulce et Decorum est by Owen and The Charge of the Light Brigade by Tennyson Essay Essay Topic: Poetry The two poems I will be analysing are `Dulce et Decorum est by Owen and `The Charge of the Light Brigade by Tennyson. Tennyson and Owen have very different views on war, I think that it is important to look at their reasons for writing the poems, and their backgrounds. Tennyson was poet laureate, and therefore a high profile figure, and expected to write poems. He came from an aristocratic background, and had a higher-class family than Owen. He did not see war for himself; he simply read a newspaper article and wrote his poem as a result of that. His information was secondary, and therefore ubject to bias, that was beyond his control. Owen had a much different upbringing, he came from a working class family, but managed to go to university, which was unusual at that time, for working class people. He was a soldier, and had first hand experience of the reality of war, so his information on which he based his poem was primary, and we can assume it was probably much more true to the reality of war. Owen wrote his poem out of a desire to communicate the horror of war to those who still believed that it was glorious and honourable, as promoted by Tennysons poem. The two views on war held by Tennyson and Owen could not be more different. Tennyson believes that the valiant and courageous should be remembered for dying in that war, on the other hand Owen is adamant that no more young boys be sent to somewhere as abhorrent as that, without knowing the truth. He knows that a lot of propaganda is prevalent, and wishes that they made up their own mind about whether they want to fight, rather than be forced, or coerced into something that they will regret. Tennyson uses a strict rhythm and structure, while Owen uses numerous similes and a much slower speed, to encapsulate his perception of war. Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward, This rhythm is set from the first two lines and last until the very end of the poem. In my opinion it reflects the strict regimentation of the soldiers, and the rhythm of the horses galloping towards their destination. It is designed to make the reader feel a sense of power and glory, disregarding the facts of the situation, that there was a terrible massacre of the English armys finest soldiers. Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, Owens poem is much more ironic, in that the poem is called `Dulce et Decorum est which is Latin for `it is sweet and fitting so he first line of the poem is a strong and shocking contrast, moreover the title is very ironic, as it was quite a common saying at the time, and he has named his poem after it, and then goes on to describe the atrocities of war, the exact opposite of the title. His similes metaphors are very effective, and in this simile he also uses alliteration, to emphasize the pain and suffering that the men endured. The fact that the British army were in this grave position was bad enough, but that they were `like old beggars is the ultimate disgrace to the army that was arrogant enough to believe that they were unbeatable. This was poignant at the time he wrote the poem. Tennyson does use metaphors, but a minority in comparison to Owen, who uses many highly effective similes and metaphors. `Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge, Here Owen continues to create an image of the downfall of the mighty army, and how poor they are now. He compares them to `hags, which implies witches and the ugliness of war, and what it has made of them. He uses the word `we reminding the reader that he was one of those soldiers, and that he knows what is was like to be in that situation, going through the hell that those soldiers were suffering. The word `sludge gives the feeling of biting cold, and thick mire that made even walking difficult. Owen makes it very easy for us to imagine the plight of these poor men. `All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred. Here Tennyson uses a metaphor that is effective on its own, but is also from the bible, Psalm 23. This brings a religious angle to the poem now, and that God is on the side or the Light Brigade, against the enemy. He the writes `Rode the six hundred which is repeated throughout the poem, and in fact there were more like seven hundred and fifty men in the Light Brigade, but Tennyson only chose to ay six hundred, maybe to make them seem more heroic because there were less of them, or possibly just for poetic licence, to keep the strong, pulsating rhythm. Tennysons poem moves very rapidly, and does not dwell on the consequences, where as Owen focuses on the consequences. Tennyson tries to whip up enthusiasm, without a thought for the reality of what is happening. ` `Forward the Light Brigade! Charge for the guns! he said: Tennyson creates an image of the Light Brigade approaching their target in a very commanding and impressive stampede, almost regal in their stature. The adrenaline rush that the soldiers were eeling was very important, to make sure that they did not become discouraged, and the generals would shout instructions to keep them motivated and rapt in what they were doing, and that is what Tennyson is writing about here, the sheer determination of the Light Brigade. His use of exclamation marks conveys the atmosphere of the charge to the reader. `Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots But limped on, blood-shod This imagery uses a metaphor in `men marched asleep and also alliteration, to give the slow plodding feel of the soldiers walking on in the ghastly conditions. Use of the words `blood-shod s excellent imagery as it has a meaning that they were shod with blood and the similarity of sounds gives an enhanced mental image of the scene that Owen was recounting. Owens poem does pick up pace when he talks about a gas attack, which contrasts with the rest of the poem, and Tennyson writes briefly about the fact that a mistake had been made, but the soldiers carried on, regardless. `Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! An ecstasy of fumbling, fitting the clumsy helmets just in time; Owen describes the slow plodding side to the war previously, and here contrasts it to the extreme with a gas attack that forces hem all into action. He uses capitals for the word `Gas, showing the pure desperation in which they had to save themselves. Gas was one of the most horrible ways to die, and it was not a swift death, so it was extremely feared among the soldiers, making this section of the poem all the more dramatic and contrasting to the rest of it. He uses the word `ecstasy, which is usually associated with pleasure, but in this case it is the `fumbling, to put on their gas masks, which makes it all the more noticeable and effectual. Tennyson does hint about the mistakes of the generals, and hat the soldiers knew about it, but then he reinforces his point, of patriotism and loyalty, regardless of the cost. Owen focuses on one particular man, who is unfortunate, and treats him as an individual, not the generalisation of Tennyson. `And floundering like a man in fire or lime Here Owen creates a scene of a man who had not fitted his gas mask in time, and is suffering the consequences of the gas attack. He uses the word `floundering to describe the way he is moving in this simile, and gets the reader to visualise a man in fire or lime, a horrible enough image in itself, but that only describes is movement. Not though the soldier knew someone had blundered: Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Theirs but to do and die: Tennyson gives a glimpse of what had really happened in the battle, and that it was a farce, but then backs it up with one of the most effective sections in the poem, where the repetition of the `Theirs not to and the rhythm of the passage speeds up the whole poem, into a similar frenzy that the soldiers would be worked into by the adrenaline of the battle. They had no say in the orders in those days, and to answer back to a superior was unheard of, you just ollowed your orders, and did not question them. Tennyson uses repetition again to show the odds faced by the brave soldiers, and how they pressed on regardless. Owen recounts his personal view of what happened to a real person, which is very effective as it gets the reader to envision the revulsion felt by the other soldiers, looking on this incident. Cannon to the right of them, Cannon to the left of them, Cannon in front of them Volleyed and thundered; Tennyson successfully accentuates the dire predicament that the soldiers are obliged to undertake. He uses the repetition of the hrase, with the same rhythm to underline the hectic feeling of the Light Brigade, as the ride towards their formidable enemy. `Dim through the misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. Here Owen uses a simile, then goes on to use it as a metaphor. He describes the eerie colour of the gas as `misty panes, and `thick green light, which, combined with the fact that he is in acute pain gives a terrifying and harrowing account of the abhorrent way that men died in the war. The reader gets the impression that Owen feels guilty and helpless, all he can do is be a bystander, and ait for the pitiable man to die. Owen uses astounding onomatopoeic language, among very effective similes and metaphors. Tennyson explains to the world the bravery and courage it took to do what they did. He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. Owen selection of language is impeccable for its intention, as he uses the word `guttering, to describe the way the man sounded before he died, and it does so remarkably. It is onomatopoeic, and very convincing that it was in fact the final `plunge, of a dying man. He also continues his metaphor of the man `drowning, in the gas. Charging and army, while All the world wondered: Tennyson is writing his poem for the world to read, so in a sense, it is to the reader, without having to directly say it, he implies it. He tells the reader that they charged the army for valour and honour, not because of a well-informed decision, but because they were so dedicated to their cause that they were willing to lay down their lives for their country. He acknowledges that it seems strange to charge an army, when you are armed only with sabres, and you are riding a horse, when they are armed with cannons, but he encourages he reader to join his perspective, that it was a valiant charge, and they should be honoured for it. Tennyson gets the reader to be patriotic too, as he tells of the amazing attack that the Light Brigade made, even with the odds against them. Owen describes the awful disrespect for the dead, which became so because of the normality of somebody dying, which is horrific, that a person can die without anyone bothering or taking the time to be respectful to him. `Plunged in the battery-smoke Right through the line they broke; Cossack and Russian Reeled from the sabre-stroke, Tennyson has already inferred that they were fighting a attle that they were not going to win, but regardless they fought on gallantly. It is very surprising that they did actually break through the Russian line of defence, and it was amazing that they got that far, but colossal losses were made to the Light Brigade, without doing a proportionate amount of damage to the Russians. Tennyson uses three rhyming endings out of four lines, which speeds the pace of the poem up to its maximum, and makes it mirror the frenzied attack on the mighty Russians. The Russians and Cossacks were renowned for their mercilessness and brutality, moreover there were many more Russians han there were Light Brigade. All of this contributes to Tennysons image of how gallant the attack was. If in some smothering dreams you too could pace Behind the wagon we flung him in, And watch his white eyes writhe in his face, Owen uses alliteration to give emphasis to the dream image, of being suffocated and smothered and mauled by the dream, he makes the reader liken this to what he has to endure, recalling all of the horrific scenes of the war, day after day. He challenges the readers to ask themselves if they could walk behind that wagon, and watch his writhing eyes, and knowing that you have no time to pay proper respect o them, moreover it could be you in that wagon next, or your best friend. He uses the word `flung, to show how carelessly the dead were dealt with, and the impersonality with which they had to be treated. The soldiers were desensitised to the horror now, but still the memories, and nightmares remained. This particular incident seems to have been one that particularly affected Owen, and he uses this as an example of how every soldier would have similar ghastly and atrocious recollections of the war that would haunt them for the rest of their lives. It is no longer a recounting of his experiences, but t now involves the reader, and confronts their own views on war. They have to revaluate what they think of war, and whether they would be willing to go themselves, or in most cases send their sons, husbands and fathers. This is hugely effective, for the sheer fact that it is unfeasible to read the poem and not take on board what Owens point is, and that he feels so strongly about it that he has to convey to the general public. Owen uses vivid language to express what he believes to be the reality of war. Tennyson steers attention away from pain and death, and asks that everyone honour them, regardless of whether they ied or not. His hanging face, like devils sick of sin; If you could hear at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, Owen has already challenged the reader about whether they could be the ones that fling the man into the wagon, then whether they could be the ones that watch him in the wagon, now Owen brings in yet another sense, whether the reader could listen to `the blood come gargling from the froth corrupted lungs, He challenges the reader in so many ways which makes it more efficient at achieving the emotion that he wants the reader to feel. This conveys Owens views of war to he reader skilfully and efficiently. His use of a simile is one of the most effective in the poem; he uses a spiritual and hellish simile, which also incorporates alliteration, to give it a raspy, evil sound. The image created here is truly evil and foul, and I think that this summarises Owens feelings about war quite well, it is now clear to the reader what Owen is trying to communicate, and why. Stormed at with shot and shell, While horse and hero fell, They that had fought so well, Tennyson comments on the prowess of their adversary, as they are still firing at them when they are trying to retreat, and mentions hat soldiers have died, but he uses the word `fell, to take the attention away from the fact that they have died, and he wants the reader to focus on the glory of it all, in addition to that they should be seen as heroes whether they died of not. Tennyson and Owens poems both reach their climaxes in terms of their dramatic language and dev ices. These make the point that each writer is making stick in the minds of the reader. `When can their glory fade? O, the wild charge they made! Here Tennyson uses a rhetorical device, to infer to the public that the glory of the soldiers, dead or alive should never be orgotten. Tennyson glamorises the whole image of war, and makes the glory of it the focal point, without mentioning the pain, suffering and death, which seems to be a large omission in my opinion, as that is a large part of the reality of war. Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud Of vile incurable sores on innocent tongues, Owen uses the word `obscene, which is often used in a different context, but here it makes the point that it is so foul, what he sees before him that he does not even want to look at it. He writes that it is `bitter, which provides a perfect expression of the ay that he feels about this scene. By writing about innocent tongues, he is implying that the men that are fighting the war are innocent; it is th e superiors and government that are the guilty ones, the ones that command the armies. Here, the soldiers have to live with the consequences, rather than the people who are really to blame. Nobody can bring the dead back to life, or undo what has been done, so that is why Owen calls the it `incurable, which is really a main theme of his poem, that what has been done is done, and all this suffering is not even their fault, it is simply paying the price for thers shortcomings. The last lines of each poem summarise perfectly the two views on war held by these two writers. My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory, The old Lie: Dulce et Decorum est Pro patria mori. Owen is fighting the views of such people who think that to go to war is honourable, the exact opposite of the intention of Tennysons poem. He uses irony in his poem, as the title simply means `It is sweet and fitting, where as at the end he clarifies what he really means, and what he really thinks about war. He has experienced war for himself, and does not want others to have such a horrific burden placed upon them without being fully informed of the great hardships to be endured in doing so. He calls it `The old Lie, which is a very strong statement to make against a saying that people genuinely believe in, with which he intentionally shocks the reaHe also says `My friend, this is applicable to everybody, not just to select people, and the reader knows that. `Honour the charge they made! Honour the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred! Tennysons use of exclamation marks makes his point very lear. This poignant ending commands the public to follow his views on war, and instructs them to honour the whole six hundred, whether they returned or not. Tennyson writes with one clear aim, that patriotism is instilled in every person who reads it, and does not doubt his or her country. He uses repetition to make his point all the more clear and concise. His poem is mainly propaganda, and is not supposed to be used as a historical account of the battle, but as a symbol of the bravery of the soldiers, and a monument to their glory, that in Tennysons opinion should never fade.

Why are you interested in the degree programmes (graduate Essay

Why are you interested in the degree programmes (graduate programme-mechanical engineering) at Nanyang technological university - Essay Example Mentorship from my uncle is another reason for my course selection. He has great passion for his profession and tells me that the scope of aeronautical engineering is interesting and therefore motivational. This means that aeronautical engineers are able to derive utility from their job and this reduces chances of career mobility at later stages of life that can have its disadvantages such as difficulties in self-establishment and development in the new career. My subjects selection at the CBSE level of study and the level of competence that I have developed in mathematics and physics are other reasons for my choice of mechanical engineering because I am confident of the potential to succeed in the course that require physics and mathematics knowledge as a prerequisite. In addition, I have developed personal interest in aeronautical engineering and I do enjoy flights and spending time at airports, watching aeronautical engineers in the hanger. I also prefer Nanyang Technical Universi ty because it is an established institution with reputable facilities and academic staff. Interaction with my uncle, an aeronautical engineer, long-term passion in the scope of mechanical engineering, proper subject selection at the CBSE syllabus, and passion for aeronautical engineering are my motivation into the cause. I am confident that they will motivate my success in the